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India: Government

Key Figures

Chief of State:
President Droupadi Murmu
Head of Government:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi

Overview

Government Name:
Republic of India
Constitution:
Adopted: 1950; Lays down the framework for fundamental political principles, establishes structure, and sets out fundamental rights.
Government Type:
Federal Parliamentary Republic
Republic of India Flag
Coat of Arms of Republic of India

Index of Economic Freedom

Grades each country on a scale of 0 to 100, based on ten freedoms, with 100 representing the greatest amount of economic autonomy from government intervention. Source: Heritage Foundation (2023)

Country Risk Rating

B
Political and economic uncertainties and an occasionally difficult business environment can affect corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is appreciable. Source: Coface (2022)

Government Branches

Main Powers Election Process Election Cycle 1
Executive

The president serves as commander-in-chief, can grant pardon or reduce the sentence of a convicted person, and appoints various governors and other positions.

The president is indirectly elected by an electoral college.

5 years
Judicial

Enforces fundamental rights; issues directions, orders, or writs; and may direct the transfer of any civil or criminal case.

Appointed by the president.

Life appointment until age 65
Legislative

Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are the main legislative bodies of government that are responsible for executing the legislative tasks of the government.

The Rajya Sabha has 245 seats, with 233 members who are indirectly elected by the state legislatures. The Lok Sabha has 543 members who are elected by plurality vote in single-member constituencies and 2 members who are appointed by the president.

Lok Sabha: 5 years; Rajya Sabha: 6 years

Regional Trade Blocs
APTA
SAARC

International Organization Participation [2]

Environmental Agreements [3]

Tax Information [2]

Tax Authority:
Central and State Governments
Tax Name:
VAT and CST

Sources:

  1. ElectionGuide http://www.electionguide.org/
  2. EY, http://www.ey.com
  3. CIA World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/
  4. U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/