Mongolia: History

Following the unification of the Mongol tribes, Genghis Khan launches a campaign of conquest. His sons and grandsons create the world's biggest land empire.

The Manchu (Qing) empire conquers southern Mongols, creating inner Mongolia. 

The Qing empire offers protection to the northern Mongols, creating Outer Mongolia.

The Qing dynasty falls; Russia and the Republic of China recognize Outer Mongolia's autonomy after it declares independence. 

With Red Army support, Mongolian revolutionaries drive out Chinese and Tsarist forces and install the Mongolian "people's government".

Yalta conference preserves the Soviet's control in Mongolia, and Mongolians vote for independence in a UN plebiscite.

Railway built across Mongolia linking Russia and China.

The IMF approves $40 million for low-interest loans for three years to help reduce poverty and boost economic growth.

Russia writes off all but $300 million of Mongolia's debts.

Mongolia and Rio Tinto-owned Ivanhoe Mines reach an agreement on stakeholding in the massive Oyu Tolgoi copper mine.

Mongolia reaches an agreement worth over $5 billion with the IMF and other international partners on the condition that it will implement fiscal reforms and strengthen its banking system. 

The Mongolian Great Khural, Mongolia's unicameral legislature, amends the constitution to limit presidential terms to six years.